The following are statistics on H&C approval rates based on whether the person was removed before the decision. Here are processing stats as of October 2024.
Functus Officio
The principle of functus officio is based upon the finality of judgments and jurisdiction that once a formal decision is rendered, signed and communicated to the parties it cannot be re-opened. The Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Chandler v. Alberta Association of Architects, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 848, is the leading case on functus officio. There, Justice Sopinka wrote that: As a general rule, once such a tribunal has reached a final decision in respect to the matter that is before it in accordance with its enabling statute, that decision cannot be revisited because the tribunal has changed its mind, made an error within jurisdiction or because there has been a change of circumstances. It can only do so if authorized by statute or if there has been a slip or error within the exceptions enunciated in Paper Machinery Ltd. v. J. O. Ross Engineering Corp., supra. To this extent, the principle of functus officio applies. It is based, however, on the policy ground which favours finality of proceedingsrather than the rule which was developed with respect to formal judgments of a court whose decision was subject to a full appeal. For this reason I am of the opinion that its application must be more flexible and less formalistic … Read More
Borderlines Podcast #149 – Incomplete Applications
In this episode, we break down IRCC’s practice of rejecting applications for incompleteness, often for minor technical issues. Effectively a form of stats manipulation, this practice creates a misleading picture of departmental efficiency while leaving applicants stranded, often forcing them to restart the process for trivial errors.
Category Based Draws
The following is a memo to the minister on the introduction of category based draws. Here is another Memorandum to the Minister on adding Education specific draws. IRCC IMMReps E-mails
Educational Credential Assessments
An Educational Credential Assessment is a report by a designated company company that evaluates an individual’s foreign education and compares it to a Canadian equivalent. It is necessary to be eligible for the Federal Skilled Worker Program, to get education points in Express Entry and for certain provincial nomination programs. The designated organizations are: Comparative Education Service: University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies; International Credential Assessment Service of Canada; World Education Services; International Qualifications Assessment Service; International Credential Evaluations Service; Medical Council of Canada; and Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada. The Medical Council of Canada has been designated only for those applicants who intend to apply with “specialist physician” or “general practitioner/family physician” as their primary occupation in their application. Jurisprudence Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (“IRCC”) will follow what a designated entity states in its Educational Credential Assessment (an “ECA”). In Ijaz v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2015 FC 67, the Federal Court of Canada affirmed that that visa officers can simply follow exactly what an ECA, stating that: In my view, based on the foregoing, it was open to the Officer to interpret the WES educational assessment and the IRP Regulations as he did, being that the WES equivalency … Read More
Borderlines Podcast #148 – The Vietnamese Boat People, with Misty Ty and Mymy Huynh
Misty Ty is a documentary film maker. Her father, Robert Ty, was the owner of a shipping company whose cargo ship, The Tung An, encountered a fishing vessel with over 200 people. Misty Ty was one of the children on that boat. The Vietnamese Boat People were refugees who fled Vietnam by sea after the fall of Saigon in 1975, escaping communist rule and persecution. Over one million people would flee. Several hundred thousand would perish due to storms, starvation, pirate attacks, and overcrowded boats. In response to the humanitarian crisis, Canada would introduce its private refugee sponsorship program, and resettle tens of thousands of Indochinese. Misty’s website for the project is thetungan.com. She would love to hear from anyone who was on, or whose relatives were on, the Tung An.
IRCC Questions and Answers
Immigration lawyers and consultants are able to e-mail Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (“IRCC“) to ask general questions about how programs work. In 2018 we submitted an Access to Information Act request for many of the questions that were submitted in the first half of 2018. I have uploaded the results of our request here. You can see a list of most of the questions that are answered below. A Canadian Bachelor degree was obtained in two years as the person has used some credits from a previous bachelor degree obtained in a foreign country. The curriculum grid for this Canadian Bachelor Degree is 11 quarters with a total of 180 credits. This same person has also a 1-year diploma from a private institution in Canada. Under the CRS points for Express Entry, could we consider that this person could claim points for having two or more degrees, diplomas or certificates only considering the Canadian credentials? As there is the information that one of the credentials must be at least 3 years, I was wondering if IRCC would consider the length of study or the length of the program if was not accredited due to credit transferring? What should we inform at the … Read More
Borderlines Podcast #147 – A Debate on Banning Immigration Consultants, with Former Visa Officer Martin Levine
Martin Levine was a Visa Officer and Analyst at Citizenship and Immigration Canada from 1978 – 2009. He then worked as a contract employee as an ATIP Analyst for numerous federal departments. He previously appeared on Episodes #108 and #110. Towards the end of episode #110 Martin commented that he thought the immigration consultant profession shouldn’t exist. Steven said that this was a huge topic and probably deserved its own episode. In this episode Martin explains why he believes that Canada should abolish the immigration consultant profession. Steven and Deanna disagree. Numerous arguments and counter arguments are discussed.
Ministerial Relief Exemption Requests
Foreign nationals who are found to be inadmissible to Canada on the basis of security (including espionage, subversion, engaging in terrorism, or being a member of a group that engages in terrorism), certain human and international rights violations, or organised crime can still visit or immigrate to Canada despite being inadmissible for such serious reasons if they satisfy the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (the “Minister“) that their entry to Canada is not contrary to Canada’s national interest. Such applications are referred to as “Ministerial Relief applications.” In assessing a Ministerial Relief application, Canadian immigration law somewhat confusingly provides that the Minister “may only take into account national security and public safety considerations, but, in his or her analysis, is not limited to considering the danger that the foreign national presents to the public or the security of Canada.” In Thomas v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2022 FC 1169, Madam Justice Heneghan affirmed that tthe Minister is required to consider whether someone is a danger to Canada. Ministerial Relief applications, previously done under ss. 34(2), 35(2), and 37(2)(a) of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, and now s. 42.1, have long been problematic. As the Government of Canada noted when it … Read More
Self-Employed Class – What is Self Employment
To qualify for the Self-Employed Class in Canada, applicants must demonstrate at least two years of relevant experience in cultural activities, athletics, or farm management (for applications submitted before March 10, 2018). This experience must fall within the five-year period prior to the application date and extend until a final decision is made on the application for permanent residency. Eligible experience includes either two one-year periods of self-employment in cultural activities, two one-year periods of participation at a world-class level in cultural activities, or a combination of both. Similarly, for athletics, the required experience can be met by either two one-year periods of self-employment in athletics, two one-year periods of participation at a world-class level in athletics, or a combination of both. What is Self-Employment? The Self-Employed Class section of the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (“IRCC“) website does not describe what self-employment is. However, the Canadian Experience Class section of the website provides the following: Determining an applicant’s employment status Applicants under the CEC must satisfy a CIC officer that they meet all program requirements [R87.1]. Any period of self-employment shall not be included in calculating the period of qualifying work experience under the CEC [R87.1(3)(b)]. As such, the … Read More

