COVID-19 and Canadian Immigration

Meurrens LawImmigration Trends, Judicial Reviews

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Canadian government has implemented several measures that impact immigration programs and the ability to enter Canada.  These include: Prohibiting Symptomatic Individuals from Entering Canada Restricting who can Travel to Canada from the United States of America Restricting who can Travel to Canada Internationally Masks During Travel and Self-Isolation Upon Arrival into Canada Suspending the Processing of Certain Temporary Residence Applications Providing Flexibility for Students Introducing new Rules for Employers of Foreign Workers Introducing a new Ground of Inadmissibility for Failure to Self-Isolate Not Returning Incomplete Permanent Residence Applications Suspending the Collection of Biometrics Suspending Immigration and Refugee Board Hearings Suspending Federal Court Timelines Please note that the Canadian government is expected to amend its policies as needed in the coming weeks and months and as such we ask that you contact us for advice before relying on the information provided in this memo. Note also that validity of these orders may be extended or cancelled at any time. PROHIBITING SYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS FROM ENTERING CANADA On April 17, 2020 Transport Canada enacted Interim Order to Prevent Certain Persons from Boarding Flights to Canada due to COVID-19, No. 6.  It provides that any persons exhibiting … Read More

Visiting Professors and Work Permits

Meurrens LawUncategorized

Regulation 205(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations provides that a work permit may be issued under section 200 to a foreign national who intends to perform work that would create or maintain reciprocal employment of Canadian citizens or permanent residents of Canada in other countries. The Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) state that visiting professors may be issued work permits pursuant to R205(b). Eligibility To be eligible, an applicant must: be applying for a work permit of not more than two academic years; to take a position with a post-secondary institution; and retain their position abroad. Visiting professors may also include those on sabbatical who are doing collaborative research with a Canadian post-secondary institution. The term “retain their position abroad” means that the professor must maintaing their employment abroad as a professor. Extensions Work permits for visiting professors are authorized for a maximum period of two academic years. Visiting professors are not eligible to extend their work permits under this category, and their employers must apply for a Labour Market Impact Assessment to extend their stay.

Remorse

Meurrens LawUncategorized

Whether an individual is remorseful is a factor in assessing humanitarian & compassionate considerations. In Pu v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2018 FC 600 Justice Diner held that: With respect to remorse, the IAD concluded that the Applicant’s remorse was not genuine principally because (a) she had continued to misrepresent her position in 2009, and (b) at the IAD hearing she had attempted to deflect responsibility for her earlier actions. The IAD acknowledged the Applicant’s expressions of remorse at the appeal, but found that she had had since 2009 to take responsibility for her actions, and that the Applicant was ultimately remorseful only for having been caught at the hearing — several years after her initial interview with CBSA, during which she again misrepresented the circumstances of the marriage. Although the Applicant disagrees that she deflected responsibility at the IAD appeal, I am of the view that the IAD’s findings were reasonably open to it based on the evidence before it. I also note that the IAD’s reasoning is consistent with other areas of law where late-stage accountability can weigh significantly against a party who seeks discretionary relief. To conclude on this issue, I will cite from the IAD’s comments … Read More

Applying to Immigrate During COVID19

Meurrens LawProvincial Nominee Programs, Skilled Immigration (Express Entry, CEC, FSWC, Etc.)

During the last two weeks of March, 2020, the Government of Canada implemented many measures in response to the COVID19 pandemic.  In the immigration context, these measures included travel bans, the suspension of biometrics and the transition of most Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (“IRCC”) officers to remote work.  The changes were frequent, dramatic and difficult to keep up with.  They have left a lot of prospective immigrants wondering what exactly is open with regards to Canada’s immigration programs.   Please note that this article was written on April 1, 2020.   Travel Bans   Canada is currently denying boarding to most foreign nationals on flights to Canada.   There are, however, numerous exemptions to this.   First, individuals who are travelling from the United States who have been in the United States for at least 14 days before they try to travel to Canada by land, sea or air, can travel to Canada if they are asymptomatic.  Such individuals must show that they are coming to Canada for essential reasons and not for reasons that are optional or discretionary, such as tourism, recreation or entertainment.   Second, all temporary foreign workers, as well as international students who have a valid … Read More

H&C – Past Mistreatment

Meurrens LawUncategorized

A quick post today as there is alot going on due to the corona virus, but Justice Annis just released an interesting decision in Pryce v. Canada where he certified the following question: In the context of a request for humanitarian and compassionate considerations under subsection 25 (1) of IRPA, must an officer consider evidence of past hardship of unconscionable mistreatment of an applicant and her children, not recurring or arising on removal, and not cited as a factor in the Guidelines, but that may accord with the principles in Chirwa v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (1970), 4 I.A.C. 338 adopted in Kanthasamy v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) 2015 SCC 61, even if the issue has not been explicitly raised by the applicant as a relevant factor for consideration? If not, may the applications judge raise the question as a new issue in accordance with the principles of R. v Mian, 2014 SCC 54?

IRCC and COVID 19

Meurrens LawUncategorized

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Canadian government has implemented several measures that impact immigration programs and the ability to enter Canada. Current measures under the Non-US OIC and the Quarantine OIC will be effective until June 30, 2020, while current measures under the US OIC will be effective until April 21, 2020, and current measures under the Interim Order are effective until further notice.   Please note that the Canadian government is expected to amend its policies as needed in the coming weeks and months and as such we ask that you contact us for advice before relying on the information provided in this memo.   PERSONS ALLOWED INTO CANADA   Before determining whether you fall into one of the categories below, please note that any persons exhibiting COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. fever and cough, or fever and breathing difficulties) will not be allowed to board an aircraft to fly into Canada, regardless of your status in Canada. This blanket prohibition affects Canadian citizens and permanent residents. You will, however, be allowed to enter Canada through the Canada–US land border, though you will be subject to the 14-day self-isolation requirement outlined in the Quarantine OIC.   Please note that, … Read More

LMIA’s – The Job Creation Factor

Meurrens LawLabour Market Impact Assessments

Regulation 203(3)(a) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (the “IRPR“) states: (3) An assessment provided by the Department of Employment and Social Development with respect to the matters referred to in paragraph (1)(b) shall, unless the employment of the foreign national is unlikely to have a positive or neutral effect on the labour market in Canada as a result of the application of subsection (1.01), be based on the following factors: (a) whether the employment of the foreign national will or is likely to result in direct job creation or job retention for Canadian citizens or permanent residents; The Temporary Foreign Worker Manual states that the following principles should guide the assessment of whether the employment of a foreign national will or is likely to result in direct job creation or job retention for Canadian citizens or permanent residents. First, an officer conducting an analyis of a Labour Market Impact Assessment (an “LMIA”) application should reflect a reasonable and balanced approach ensuring that officers od not base their decision solely on the outcome of one of the seven labour market factors.  An employer can receive a positive LMIA even if this factor is assessed to be negative and an employer … Read More

Where to Apply for a Study Permit

Meurrens LawStudy Permits

Regulation 215 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations states that: 215 (1) A foreign national may apply for a study permit after entering Canada if they (a) hold a study permit; (b) apply within the period beginning 90 days before the expiry of their authorization to engage in studies in Canada under subsection 30(2) of the Act, or paragraph 188(1)(a) of these Regulations, and ending 90 days after that expiry; (c) hold a work permit; (d) are subject to an unenforceable removal order; (e) hold a temporary resident permit issued under subsection 24(1) of the Act that is valid for at least six months; (f) are a temporary resident who (i) is studying at the preschool, primary or secondary level, (ii) is a visiting or exchange student who is studying at a designated learning institution, or (iii) has completed a course or program of study that is a prerequisite to their enrolling at a designated learning institution; or (g) are in a situation described in section 207. IRPR 215(f)(iii) Regulation 215(f)(iii) has been the subject of judicial scrutinity. The Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Guidelines state: Prerequisite course or program of study in Canada before the main program of study As … Read More

ESDC – Determining Who the Employer Is

Meurrens LawLabour Market Impact Assessments, Work Permits

Canada’s Department of Employment and Social Development Canada (“ESDC“) administers the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (the “TFWP“).  This is the program through which employers can obtain Labour Market Impact Assessments (“LMIAs“). The following is a partial reproduction of the TFWP Manual (an internal document) regarding who the employer is for the purpose of administering the TFWP. Who is the Employer ESDC policy states that an employer is an entity (e.g. person, business, corporation or organization) that makes an offer of employment to one or more foreign nationals who provide labour in return for compensation for a specified period of time.  The employer is generally the entity that hires, controls working condititions and remunerates the foreign national. For the purpose of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, charachteristics of the relationship, such as control and remuneration, including statutory benefits (e.g. CPP and EI) will be reviewed to determine when an employer – employee relationship exists. The total relationship will be examined and assessed, bearing in mind that no one factor is determinative and there is an extensive list of factors that may be examined. In cases where two or more entities are determined to share employer responsibilities by the Department, a group … Read More

Borderlines Podcast #34 – Canada and the Compact for Migration, with François Crépeau

Meurrens LawPodcasts

François Crépeau is a Professor at the McGill Faculty of Law and the Director of the Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism. He was the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants from 2011 to 2017. Peter Edelmann and François discuss migration issues generally, the Compact for Migration, and its implication for Canadian immigration and refugee law. This episode was recorded before Peter Edelmann was appointed to the British Columbia Supreme Court. 4:15 – What does a UN special rapporteur on migration do? 8:00 – What impacts could climate change have on the future of global migration patterns? 10:37 – How does Canadian refugee law address the issue of climate refugees? 21:00 – What led up to the Compact on Global Migration and what preceded it? How has migration historically been monitored / governed on a global scale? 28:00 – What is the international definition of a refugee? 31:3– What percentage of migrants would qualify as refugees? 33:30 – What is the Global Compact on Migration?